Wastewater treatment is not a simple physical filtration process but a complex biochemical reaction process.
Dynamic adjustment: By real-time monitoring of influent parameters such as Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), and ammonia nitrogen, operators can quickly assess the pollution level of the wastewater.
Optimized operation: For example, during the biological treatment stage, dissolved oxygen data from monitors can be used to control blowers and adjust aeration rates; COD data can help calculate the carbon source required for denitrification. This "data-driven" approach ensures that microorganisms remain in optimal condition, significantly improving the efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus removal while avoiding blind operation.

Precise control: By real-time monitoring of key parameters such as COD, ammonia nitrogen, dissolved oxygen, and pH in the influent and each treatment unit, operators can adjust process parameters in a timely manner. For example, dissolved oxygen data can be used to control variable-frequency blowers to regulate aeration, or chemical dosing rates can be adjusted based on influent water quality.
Efficiency optimization: When poor removal of a certain parameter (e.g., total phosphorus) is detected, operators can promptly identify whether the issue lies in the biological system or equipment malfunction, then take immediate corrective actions to ensure treatment efficiency and avoid ineffective treatment.

Social value of water quality monitoring in wastewater treatment plants – Ecological defense: By monitoring parameters such as fecal coliforms and heavy metals, the discharged water is ensured not to cause eutrophication or harm aquatic life, thereby protecting the ecological balance of downstream rivers and lakes.
Health protection: For reclaimed water reuse (e.g., landscape water, industrial cooling water), rigorous water quality monitoring serves as the final barrier to prevent the spread of pathogenic microorganisms and ensure public safety upon contact.